Journal: Bio-protocol

Article Title: Chloroplast Movement Imaging Under Different Light Regimes With a Hyperspectral Camera

doi: 10.21769/BioProtoc.5541

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A, E) A plate covered with black velvet is used as a support for detached leaves. (B, F) The leaf petiole is covered with a wet paper towel. (C, G) Half of the leaf is then covered with aluminum foil, and the other half with polyester foil. (D, H) After irradiation with blue light for 1 h, materials covering the leaf halves are removed, and a reflectance standard is added so that the leaves are ready for imaging.

Article Snippet: White diffuse reflectance standard (Spectralon or BaSO 4 -based reflectance standard, e.g., Edmund Optics, catalog number: #54-302) 3.

Techniques: Irradiation, Imaging

Journal: Bio-protocol

Article Title: Chloroplast Movement Imaging Under Different Light Regimes With a Hyperspectral Camera

doi: 10.21769/BioProtoc.5541

Figure Lengend Snippet: Leaves detached from dark-adapted plants were irradiated with either 1.6 or 120 µmol·m -2 ·s -1 of blue light for 1 h to induce chloroplast accumulation and avoidance responses, respectively. Half of the leaf remained in the dark-adapted state, as it was covered with aluminum foil during irradiation. (A, B) Mean difference in reflectance spectra between irradiated and darkened leaf halves calculated from hyperspectral images of 23 low- and 31 high-light-irradiated leaves. Note that the y-axis range in panels A and B is different. The standard deviation is indicated in light blue, and the standard error in darker blue. (C, D) Reflectance images of N. benthamiana leaves, calculated as an average of the hyperspectral images in the visible (400–700 nm) range. Spectra in A and B redrawn from Hermanowicz, P. and Łabuz, J. 2025 [20].

Article Snippet: White diffuse reflectance standard (Spectralon or BaSO 4 -based reflectance standard, e.g., Edmund Optics, catalog number: #54-302) 3.

Techniques: Irradiation, Standard Deviation

Journal: Science Advances

Article Title: Dynamic visual effects enhance flower conspicuousness but compromise color perception

doi: 10.1126/sciadv.adz9010

Figure Lengend Snippet: The matte flowers of A. majus ( A ) and C. bipinnatus ( F ) and the glossy flowers of Ranunculus repens ( K ) and Anthurium andraeanum ( P ) are analyzed. Cross sections show the cone-shaped ( B and G ) or flat ( L and Q ) epidermal cells. Scale bars, 50 μm. Integrating sphere spectra are shown ( C , H , M , and R ). Normalized reflectance as a function of detection angle under perpendicular illumination, shown as open circles, follows a cosine fit (red curve) for cone-shaped surfaces ( D and I ) and clearly deviates from a cosine for glossy surfaces ( N and S ). Normalized reflectance as a function of angle of detection and angle of illumination reveals a spatially wide distribution for cone-shaped surfaces ( E and J ) and (imperfect) mirroring by glossy surfaces ( O and T ).

Article Snippet: Reflectance spectra of intact flowers and artificial stimuli were recorded with an integrating sphere (Avasphere-50, Avantes, Apeldoorn, the Netherlands) using a Deuterium-Halogen lamp [Avantes, AvaLight D(H)-S] and a white reflectance standard (WS-2, Avantes) as a reference.

Techniques:

Journal: Science Advances

Article Title: Dynamic visual effects enhance flower conspicuousness but compromise color perception

doi: 10.1126/sciadv.adz9010

Figure Lengend Snippet: Reflectance spectra obtained with an integrated sphere ( A and E ) show that reflectance is ~3% higher in glossy (gray lines) than matte stimuli (black lines). Under perpendicular illumination, reflectance as a function of observation angle follows a cosine (red curve) for matte stimuli (open circles) but not for glossy stimuli ( B and F ; gray triangles). The normalized reflectance as a function of detection and observation angle shows imperfect mirror-like reflection in glossy ( C and G ) and a spatially wide reflection pattern for matte stimuli ( D and H ).

Article Snippet: Reflectance spectra of intact flowers and artificial stimuli were recorded with an integrating sphere (Avasphere-50, Avantes, Apeldoorn, the Netherlands) using a Deuterium-Halogen lamp [Avantes, AvaLight D(H)-S] and a white reflectance standard (WS-2, Avantes) as a reference.

Techniques: